Dutch Elm Disease

Thomas Millin
Bio. Of insects
Mr. Anderson
Sept. 10 2011

Dutch Elm Disease

Dutch elm tree guide tree corner affection (DED) is one of the most destructive shade tree diseases in North America. The disease affects American elms (and other elm species, to a varying extent), killing individual branches and eventually the wide-cut tree within one to several years. Since its introduction, DED has swept through urban areas, causing tremendous losses of high economic place American elm street trees. It has also greatly alter the role of elm in bottomland ecosystems. Despite DED, elm remains as a component of natural stands. Trees oft survive to seed producing age, but later succumb to the disease. Waves of disease incidence may be related to population fluctuations of the beetles that transmitter the disease. Elm also remains an important shade tree, and a range of management alternatives are available for high value urban trees.

Discovered in the Ohio River Valley, 1932 DED became know as the crab louse of the tree world. In the early years the fungus spread unchecked, borne from tree to tree by clouds of tiny, windblown beetles. It destroyed over c million elms, many of them dating from the 1700s. Efforts were wasted in unhinged cut and burn campaigns.



With no programs to save the American elm, it was up to private citizens to prevent this great tree from going the expression of the chestnut. Elm Research Institute stepped in to combat DED and posit elms to the American landscape.





The Disease cycle:

The Duth elm disease pathogens overwinter in the bark and outer wood of dying elm tresss and in elm logs as mycelia and synnemata with conidia. The kingdom Fungi are spread by pathogen and elm bark beetles (Hylurgopinus rufipes). The bighearted female beetle through the bark of dead or dying elm trees or logs and she creats a burrow in the in the wood as she feed. She layes her eggs in the tunnel behind her and when they hatch they can feast.If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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