A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
This cover examines the literature on the kinds and types of inebriant and medicate malignment measure programs available and their general effectiveness. There is a clear involve to thoroughly investigate and understand programs effective in preventing alcoholic drink and drug abuse; this need arises from the high incidence of alcohol/drug abuse in American and from the devastating social, medical, physical, and psychoemotional cost of substance abuse.
Regarding the incidence rate, the National Institute of Drug maltreatment (1991) reports that there atomic number 18 an estimated 10 to 15 million Americans who gestate serious problems directly related to substance abuse and almost 35 million people who are indirectly modify (e.g. family members, children, friends, etc.) Substance abuse is most prevalent among youths and young adults (Johnston, O'Malley & Bachman, 1991).
In terms of the consequences of substance abuse, approximately 15 to 20 pct of the nation's health care costs ($50 billion per year) are believed to be related to alcohol or drug abuse; moreover, these are blamed for a significant lowering of doer productivity at all levels of the economic system (Mathre, 1994).
process, Sue and Sue (1994) further report that substance abuse lowers the conduct expectancy by about ten to twelve eld and is associated with a variety of health programs i
An effect size total was calculated for each study. These totals were wherefore averaged in order to determine the overall effects of the studies include in the analysis. Effect sizes for five treatment modalities (knowledge, affective, peer, psychomotor/skill, and combined) were as well as calculated.
Second, the categorization was used because of the implications of antecedent discussed research conducted Schaps, Moskowitz, Malvin and Schaeffer (1986).
It will be remembered that in their study, the Schaps and colleagues determined that generic programs (programs knowing for use crosswise all school districts or locations and intended for implementation on a national level) evidenced less success than programs which had been designed for a more specific audience (state and local programs). The wish here is that by examining programs in terms of whether they are national, state, or local, it can be determined whether the general literature on specific program effectiveness is in accord with Schaps, Moskowitz, Malvin and Schaeffer's earlier findings.
Conyne, R.K. (1984). Primary stripe through a campus alcohol preparation project. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 62(9), 524-528.
Findings of the study revealed that drug knowledge, drug attitudes, drug refusal skills and drug use were not impacted by the CYE prevention program. The retrospective pretest responses were not significantly different from the traditional pretest or the posttest responses. With the exception of gender differences in the use of smokeless tobacco, no significant differences between the male and female, younger teen and older teen, rural farm and rural non-farm youth were determined.
Project flush (Kids In Cooperation With Kids) is a drug education prevention computer program being used in Florida elementary schools. Rollin, Rubin, Hardy-Blake and Allen (1994) conducted a explorative evaluation of this relatively new program. In the first course of their evaluative study, the authors ex
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